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The automotive industry designs, develops, manufactures, markets, and sells the world's motor vehicles. The automotive industry is one of the most important economic sectors by revenues.

 
Table of Contents
1Worldwide Trends
2History
3Crisis in the automotive industry
4World motor vehicle production
 4.1By Year
 4.2By Country
 4.3By Manufacturer
5Company relationships
6Top vehicle manufacturing groups (by volume)
 6.1Notes
7Minor automotive manufacturers
8See also
9References
10External links

Worldwide Trends

In 2007, worldwide production reached a peak at a total of 73.3 million new motorvehicles produced worldwide.[1] In 2009, worldwide motorvehicle production dropped 13.5 percent to 61 million. Sales in the U.S. dropped 21.2 percent to 10.4 million units, sales in the European Union (supported by scrapping incentives in many markets) dropped 1.3 percent to 14.1 million units. China became the world's largest motorvehicles market, both by sales as by production. Sales in China rose 45 percent in 2009 to 13.6 million units.[2]

About 250 million vehicles are in use in the United States. Around the world, there were about 806 million cars and light trucks on the road in 2007; they burn over 260 billion gallons of gasoline and diesel fuel yearly.[3] In the opinion of some, urban transport systems based around the car have proved unsustainable, consuming excessive energy, affecting the health of populations, and delivering a declining level of service despite increasing investments. Many of these negative impacts fall disproportionately on those social groups who are also least likely to own and drive cars.[4][5][dead link] [6] [dead link]The sustainable transport movement focuses on solutions to these problems.

History

The first practical automobile with a petrol engine was built by Karl Benz in 1885 in Mannheim, Germany. Benz was granted a patent for his automobile on 29 January 1886, and began the first production of automobiles in 1888, after Bertha Benz, his wife, had proved with the first long-distance trip in August 1888 - from Mannheim to Pforzheim and back - that the horseless coach was absolutely suitable for daily use. Since 2008 a Bertha Benz Memorial Route commemorates this event.

Soon after, Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach in Stuttgart in 1889 designed a vehicle from scratch to be an automobile, rather than a horse-drawn carriage fitted with an engine. They also are usually credited as inventors of the first motorcycle in 1886, but Italy's Enrico Bernardi, of the University of Padua, in 1882, patented a 0.024 horsepower (17.9 W) 122 cc (7.4 cu in) one-cylinder petrol motor, fitting it into his son's tricycle, making it at least a candidate for the first automobile, and first motorcycle;.[7]:p.26 Bernardi enlarged the tricycle in 1892 to carry two adults.[7]:p.26

Main article: Automotive industry by country

Crisis in the automotive industry

Main article: Automotive industry crisis of 2008–2009

World motor vehicle production

See also: List of countries by motor vehicle production

By Year

Global Production of Motorvehicles

(cars and commercial vehicles)

YearProductionChangeSource
199752,987,000 [8]
199857,987,000-2.70%[8]
199956,258,8922.98%[9]
200058,374,1623.80%[10]
200156,304,925-3.50%[11]
200258,994,3184.80%[12]
200360,663,2252.80%[13]
200464,496,2206.30%[14]
200566,482,4393.10%[15]
200669,222,9754.10%[16]
200773,266,0615.80%[17]
200870,520,493-3.70%[18]
200960,986,985-13.50%[19]


By Country

v • d
« previous year Top 20 motor vehicle producing countries 2009 next year »
Motor vehicle production (units)
Country1,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,0005,000,0006,000,0007,000,0008,000,0009,000,00010,000,00011,000,00012,000,00013,000,00014,000,000
 China13,790,994
 Japan7,934,516
 United States5,711,823
 Germany5,209,857
 South Korea3,512,916
 Brazil3,182,617
 India2,632,694
 Spain2,170,078
 France2,049,762
 Mexico1,557,290
 Canada1,489,651
 UK1,090,139
 Czech Rep.974,569
 Thailand968,305
 Poland879,186
 Turkey869,605
 Italy843,239
 Iran752,310
 Russia722,431
 Belgium522,810
Reference: "Production Statistics". OICA. http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/. Retrieved 2010-04-26. 
                                                                                                                                            

By Manufacturer

v • d
« previous year — Top motor vehicle manufacturing companies by volume 2008 next year »
Total motor vehicle production
Group1,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,0005,000,0006,000,0007,000,0008,000,0009,000,00010,000,000
KeyCarsLight Commercial VehiclesHeavy Commercial VehiclesHeavy Buses
Toyota9,237,780
General Motors8,282,803
Volkswagen*6,517,288
Ford5,407,000
Honda3,912,700
Nissan3,395,065
PSA3,325,407
Hyundai**2,777,137
Suzuki2,623,567
Fiat2,524,325
Renault2,417,351
Daimler2,174,299
Chrysler1,893,068
BMW1,439,918
Kia**1,395,324
Mazda1,349,274
Mitsubishi1,309,231
AvtoVAZ801,563
Tata798,265
FAW637,720
Fuji616,497
Isuzu538,810
Chana Automobile531,149
Dongfeng489,266
Beijing Automotive446,680
Chery350,560
SAIC282,003
Volvo248,991
Brilliance241,553
Harbin Hafei226,754
Geely220,955
Anhui Jianghuai207,711
BYD192,971
GAZ187,053
Mahindra162,816
Proton157,306
Great Wall129,651
Paccar125,084
Chongqing Lifan122,783
M.A.N.108,053
Jiangxi Changhe107,422
China National106,377
Porsche96,721
LUAZ90,548
Navistar90,264
Shannxi Auto75,220
UAZ72,181
Ashok Leyland71,485
Kuozui67,891
KeyCarsLight Commercial VehiclesHeavy Commercial VehiclesHeavy Buses
Total global production: 69,561,356
Reference: "World motor vehicle production by manufacturer: World ranking of manufacturers 2008". OICA. July 2009. http://oica.net/wp-content/uploads/world-ranking-2008.pdf. 

* Volkswagen Group total includes Scania production figures, which OICA lists separately. Scania is a VW Group subsidiary.
** Hyundai Kia Automotive Group and Kia Motors are listed separately as the former owns only 38.67% of the latter.


Company relationships

It is common for automobile manufacturers to hold stakes in other automobile manufacturers. These ownerships can be explored under the detail for the individual companies.

Notable current relationships include:

Top vehicle manufacturing groups (by volume)

The table below shows the world's largest motor vehicle manufacturing groups, along with the marques produced by each one. The table is ranked by 2008 end of year production figures from the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA)[20] for the parent group, and then alphabetically by marque. Joint ventures are not reflected in this table. Production figures of joint ventures are typically included in OICA rankings, which can become a source of controversy.[21][22]

MarqueCountry of originOwnershipMarkets
1. Toyota Motor Corporation ( Japan)
DaihatsuJapanSubsidiaryGlobal, except North America and Australia
HinoJapanSubsidiaryAsia Pacific, North America and South America
LexusJapanDivisionGlobal
ScionUnited StatesDivisionNorth America
ToyotaJapanDivisionGlobal
2. General Motors Company ( United States)
BuickUnited StatesDivisionNorth America, Middle East, East Asia
CadillacUnited StatesDivisionGlobal, except South America, South Asia, South East Asia, Pacific
ChevroletUnited StatesDivisionGlobal, except Australia, New Zealand, South Korea
DaewooSouth KoreaSubsidiarySouth Korea
GMCUnited StatesDivisionNorth America, Middle East
HoldenAustraliaSubsidiaryAustralia, New Zealand
OpelGermanySubsidiaryEurope (except UK), Russia, South Africa, Asia
VauxhallUnited KingdomSubsidiaryUnited Kingdom
3. Volkswagen Group AG* ( Germany)
AudiGermanySubsidiaryGlobal
BentleyUnited KingdomSubsidiaryGlobal
BugattiFranceSubsidiaryGlobal
LamborghiniItalySubsidiaryGlobal
Porsche*GermanySubsidiaryGlobal
ScaniaSwedenSubsidiaryGlobal
SEATSpainSubsidiaryEurope, South America, North Africa, Middle East
ŠkodaCzech RepublicSubsidiaryGlobal, except North America and South Africa
VolkswagenGermanySubsidiaryGlobal
Volkswagen Commercial VehiclesGermanySubsidiaryGlobal
4. Ford Motor Company ( United States)
FordUnited StatesDivisionGlobal
LincolnUnited StatesDivisionNorth America, Middle East, South Korea
Mercury**United StatesDivisionNorth America, Middle East
TrollerBrazilSubsidiarySouth America and Africa
Volvo (Cars)***SwedenSubsidiaryGlobal
5. Honda Motor Company ( Japan)
AcuraJapanDivisionNorth America, East Asia, Russia
HondaJapanDivisionGlobal
6. Nissan Motor Company ( Japan)
InfinitiJapanDivisionGlobal, except South America and Africa
NissanJapanDivisionGlobal
7. PSA Peugeot Citroën S.A. ( France)
CitroënFranceSubsidiaryGlobal, except North America, South Asia
PeugeotFranceSubsidiaryGlobal, except North America, South Asia
8. Hyundai Motor Company ( South Korea)
HyundaiSouth KoreaDivisionGlobal
9. Suzuki Motor Corporation ( Japan)
Maruti SuzukiIndiaSubsidiaryIndia, Middle East, South America
SuzukiJapanDivisionGlobal
10. Fiat S.p.A. ( Italy)
AbarthItalySubsidiaryGlobal, except North America
Alfa RomeoItalySubsidiaryGlobal
FerrariItalySubsidiaryGlobal
FiatItalySubsidiaryGlobal, except North America
Fiat ProfessionalItalySubsidiaryGlobal, except North America
IrisbusFranceSubsidiaryGlobal, except North America
IvecoItalySubsidiaryGlobal, except North America
LanciaItalySubsidiaryEurope
MaseratiItalySubsidiaryGlobal
11. Renault S.A. ( France)
DaciaRomaniaSubsidiaryEurope, Latin America, Asia, Africa
Renault (cars)FranceDivisionGlobal, except North America, South Asia
Renault SamsungSouth KoreaSubsidiaryAsia, South America
12. Daimler AG ( Germany)
FreightlinerUnited StatesSubsidiaryNorth America, South Africa
MasterPakistanSubsidiaryPakistan
MaybachGermanyDivisionGlobal
Mercedes-BenzGermanyDivisionGlobal
Mitsubishi FusoJapanSubsidiaryGlobal
OrionCanadaSubsidiaryNorth America
SetraGermanySubsidiaryEurope
SmartGermanyDivisionNorth America, Europe, South East Asia, South Africa
Thomas BuiltUnited StatesSubsidiaryNorth America
Western StarUnited StatesSubsidiaryNorth America
13. Chrysler Group, LLC ( United States)
ChryslerUnited StatesDivisionGlobal
DodgeUnited StatesDivisionGlobal
GEMUnited StatesDivisionNorth America
JeepUnited StatesDivisionGlobal
RamUnited StatesDivisionNorth America
14. BMW AG ( Germany)
BMWGermanyDivisionGlobal
MINIUnited KingdomDivisionGlobal
Rolls-RoyceUnited KingdomSubsidiaryGlobal
15. Kia Motors Corporation ( South Korea)
KiaSouth KoreaDivisionGlobal
16. Mazda Motor Corporation ( Japan)
MazdaJapanDivisionGlobal
17. Mitsubishi Motors Corporation ( Japan)
MitsubishiJapanDivisionGlobal
18. OAO AvtoVAZ ( Russia)
LadaRussiaDivisionRussia, Europe, North Africa
VAZRussiaDivisionRussia, Europe
19. Tata Motors, Ltd ( India)
HispanoSpainSubsidiaryEurope
JaguarUnited KingdomSubsidiaryGlobal
Land RoverUnited KingdomSubsidiaryGlobal
TataIndiaDivisionIndia, South Africa
Tata DaewooSouth KoreaSubsidiarySouth Korea
20. First Automotive Group Corporation ( People's Republic of China)
BesturnPeople's Republic of ChinaDivisionChina
FreewindPeople's Republic of ChinaSubsidiaryChina
HaimaPeople's Republic of ChinaSubsidiaryChina
HongqiPeople's Republic of ChinaDivisionChina
JiaxingPeople's Republic of ChinaSubsidiaryChina
VitaPeople's Republic of ChinaSubsidiaryChina
XialiPeople's Republic of ChinaSubsidiaryChina
21. Fuji Heavy Industries, Ltd ( Japan)
SubaruJapanDivisionGlobal
22. Isuzu Motors, Ltd ( Japan)
IsuzuJapanDivisionGlobal, except North America
23. Chana Automobile Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
ChanaPeople's Republic of ChinaDivisionChina, South Africa
24. Dongfeng Motor Corporation ( People's Republic of China)
DongfengPeople's Republic of ChinaDivisionChina
25. Beijing Automotive Industry Holding Corporation, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
BAWPeople's Republic of ChinaDivisionChina
FotonPeople's Republic of ChinaSubsidiaryChina
26. Chery Automobile Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
CheryPeople's Republic of ChinaDivisionChina, Africa, South East Asia, Russia
27. Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation ( People's Republic of China)
MGUnited KingdomSubsidiaryUnited Kingdom, Chile, Argentina
SsangYongSouth KoreaSubsidiarySouth Korea
RoewePeople's Republic of ChinaDivisionChina
SoyatPeople's Republic of ChinaDivisionChina
YuejinPeople's Republic of ChinaDivisionChina
28. AB Volvo ( Sweden)
MackUnited StatesSubsidiaryGlobal
Nissan DieselJapanSubsidiaryGlobal
NovaBusCanadaSubsidiaryNorth America
PrevostCanadaSubsidiaryNorth America
Renault (trucks)FranceSubsidiaryGlobal
Volvo (trucks)SwedenDivisionGlobal
29. Brilliance China Automotive Holding, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
BrilliancePeople's Republic of ChinaDivisionChina, North Africa
JinbeiPeople's Republic of ChinaSubsidiaryChina
30. Harbin Hafei Automobile Industry Group, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
HafeiPeople's Republic of ChinaDivisionChina
31. Geely Automobile ( People's Republic of China)
GeelyPeople's Republic of ChinaDivisionChina, Russia, North Africa
MaplePeople's Republic of ChinaDivisionChina
Volvo (Cars)***SwedenSubsidiaryGlobal
32. Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
JACPeople's Republic of ChinaDivisionChina
33. BYD Auto ( People's Republic of China)
BYDPeople's Republic of ChinaDivisionChina, Russia
34. GAZ Group ( Russia)
GAZRussiaDivisionRussia
KAvZRussiaSubsidiaryRussia
LiAZRussiaSubsidiaryRussia
UralRussiaSubsidiaryRussia
35. Mahindra & Mahindra, Ltd ( India)
MahindraIndiaDivisionIndia, South East Asia, Europe, North Africa
36. Proton Holdings, Bhd ( Malaysia)
ProtonMalaysiaDivisionAsia Pacific, South Africa, United Kingdom
LotusUnited KingdomSubsidiaryGlobal
37. Great Wall Motor Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
Great WallPeople's Republic of ChinaDivisionChina, South Africa, Russia, North Africa
38. Paccar, Inc ( United States)
DAFNetherlandsSubsidiaryGlobal, except North America
KenworthUnited StatesDivisionNorth America
LeylandUnited KingdomSubsidiaryEurope
PeterbiltUnited StatesDivisionNorth America
39. Chongqing Lifan Automobile Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
LifanPeople's Republic of ChinaDivisionChina
40. MAN SE ( Germany)
MANGermanyDivisionEurope
NeoplanGermanyDivisionEurope and Middle East
Volkswagen (trucks)BrazilDivisionSouth America
41. Jiangxi Changhe Automobile, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
ChanghePeople's Republic of ChinaDivisionChina
42. China National Heavy Duty Truck Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
SinotrukHong KongDivisionChina
43. LuAZ ( Ukraine)
LuAZUkraineSubsidiaryUkraine
44. Navistar International Corporation ( United States)
ICUnited StatesSubsidiaryNorth America
InternationalUnited StatesDivisionNorth America, South Asia
45. Shaanxi Automobile Group Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
ShaanxiPeople's Republic of ChinaDivisionChina
46. UAZ OJSC ( Russia)
UAZRussiaSubsidiaryRussia
47. Ashok Leyland ( India)
Ashok LeylandIndiaDivisionIndia
48. Kuozui Motors, Ltd ( Taiwan)
KuozuiRepublic of ChinaSubsidiaryTaiwan

Notes

* Porsche Automobil Holding SE has a 50.7 percent share in the Volkswagen Group.[23] However, Volkswagen Group will acquire Porsche AG, the automotive manufacturer under a new "Integrated Automotive Group". This merger/acquisition is expected to be fully completed in mid-2011.[24][25]

** Ford Motor Company has announced that the production of Mercury will be ceased in 2010.[26]

*** Deal to sell Volvo to Geely signed on March 28, 2010. Deal expected to close in Q3 2010. Until closure, Volvo remains a subsidiary of Ford.[27]

Minor automotive manufacturers

Main article: Minor automotive manufacturing groups

There are many automobile manufacturers other than the major global companies. They are mostly regional or operating in niche markets.

See also

References

  1. ^ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2007-statistics/
  2. ^ http://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/car-sales-around-the-world-in-2009-mostly-down/
  3. ^ Plunkett Research, "Automobile Industry Introduction" (2008)
  4. ^ Kenworthy, J R (2004). "Transport Energy Use and Greenhouse Emissions in Urban Passenger Transport Systems" (PDF). Institute for Sustainability and Technology Policy. http://cst.uwinnipeg.ca/documents/Transport_Greenhouse.pdf. Retrieved 2008-07-22. 
  5. ^ World Health Organisation, Europe. "Health effects of transport". http://www.euro.who.int/transport/hia/20021009_2. Retrieved 2008-08-29. 
  6. ^ Social Exclusion Unit, Office of the Prime Minister (UK). "Making the Connections - final report on transport and social exclusion" (PDF). http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&source=web&ct=res&cd=1&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.carplus.org.uk%2FResources%2Fpdf%2FMaking_the_Connections_Final_Report_on_Transport_and_Social_Exclusion.pdf&ei=SzLBSbDFKYHaMbvwgK0N&usg=AFQjCNFCbKeT7rQ0zt7aOL5K-1OTXBm9EA&sig2=o-ASe9xe84uOEJTQt-DxuQ. Retrieved 2003-02-01. 
  7. ^ a b Georgano, G. N. Cars: Early and Vintage, 1886–1930. (London: Grange-Universal, 1985)
  8. ^ a b http://oica.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/06/cl98type.pdf
  9. ^ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/1999-statistics/
  10. ^ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2000-statistics/
  11. ^ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2001-statistics/
  12. ^ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2002-statistics/
  13. ^ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2003-statistics/
  14. ^ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2004-statistics/
  15. ^ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2005-statistics/
  16. ^ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2006-statistics/
  17. ^ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2007-statistics/
  18. ^ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2008-statistics/
  19. ^ http://www.oica.net/category/production-statistics/
  20. ^ "World Motor Vehicle Production: World Ranking of Manufacturers 2008" (PDF). OICA. http://oica.net/wp-content/uploads/world-ranking-2008.pdf. Retrieved 2009-06-27. 
  21. ^ "GM Slips to Number Two Worldwide, Ford to Fourth". The Truth About Cars. http://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/gm-slips-to-number-two-worldwide-ford-to-fourth/. Retrieved 2010-06-12. 
  22. ^ "TTAC Announces World’s Top Ten Automakers". The Truth About Cars. http://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/ttac-announces-world%E2%80%99s-top-ten-automakers/. Retrieved 2010-06-12. 
  23. ^ "Volkswagen Group - Shareholder Structure". Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft. VolkswagenAG.com. http://www.volkswagenag.com/vwag/vwcorp/content/en/investor_relations/share/Shareholder_Structure.html. Retrieved 22 December 2009. 
  24. ^ Porsche Automobil Holding SE, Stuttgart (20 November 2009). "Porsche Supervisory Board agrees on the contracts of implementation". Press release. http://www.porsche-se.com/pho/en/news/?pool=pho&id=2009-11-20. Retrieved 22 November 2009. 
  25. ^ Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft (13 August 2009). "Volkswagen Supervisory Board approves Comprehensive Agreement for an Integrated Automotive Group with Porsche". Press release. http://www.volkswagenag.com/vwag/vwcorp/info_center/en/news/2009/08/Volkswagen_Aufsichtsrat_stimmt_Grundlagenvereinbarung_fuer.html. Retrieved 22 November 2009. 
  26. ^ "Mercury production to end this year - The Boston Globe". Boston.com. 2010-06-03. http://www.boston.com/business/articles/2010/06/03/mercury_production_to_end_this_year/. Retrieved 2010-06-12. 
  27. ^ "Chinese automaker Geely to buy Volvo". Washingtonpost.com. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/03/28/AR2010032800788.html?hpid=moreheadlines. Retrieved 2010-06-12. 

Pioneer Auto Compaines 1897-1904; N.Y.S.

  • Amsterdam NY: Tillerwilliger Steamer
  • Buffalo; Thomas 1902 Runabout
  • Elmira, Steam Car 1902
  • IlLion NY; 1900 Remington Runabout
  • Fort Plain NY; Spring and Axel. 1897, 1902, 1903 Dr. Runabouts
  • Utica NY: 1903 Buckmobile

External links

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